The idea there in my post was that this has reached a point of ......." Provides the highest rate of crippling effect" as quoted from a box of steel shot , "shot placement is more important than what it's shot with " , with "we're arguing degrees of dead" .
I've noted here that 2 holes in a bad guy gushing fluids is undesirable while when applied to a game animal is the preferred. When we apply logic here a dangerous predator intent on depriving one of life or possessions by violence I don't see where dump all the energy in the target discourse logically defeats the 2 holes when both are viable standards for the ethical clean harvest of game . Yet here we are with devoted 2 holes guys using the over penetration argument.
A gushing exit hole means the projectile was too much of a good thing and had a substantial amount of KO , energy , whatever left .
I would say you don't have to poke a hole in it if everything is broken and or leaking inside .
I would also say if you poke 1 hole in it and everything inside is leaking or shock jellied you don't need a second hole .
I also agree that 2 holes in a 12# snow shoe hare , 400# Mulie , or 250# whitetail might not be worth tinkers darn with a 200# hog boar slathered in mud .
Now it's all about not how deep/wide the hole/s are but how they are made .
Just like that now we're off into the pits of shape , structure, alloy , retention, fracture, shed , complete break up or partial, if it sheds and makes more projectiles how many should it make and how much of the base should remain, is tumble more effective straight line . More than that , do you plan for the 6'7" roid raging mall nija in ceramic kevlar and hope if it happens it's a 90# 5'5' hoodie punk ? There are 1000s of reports of not just drug amped up but those dedicated to raw mayhem and destruction that have taken dozens of hits in the core and just kept going some with significant disruption of the grey matter .
I don't know any definitive answer .
I do know a 900-1000 fps 250 gr SWC will plow right though 3' of hog and break 3-5 ribs or 18-22" break 3-4 ribs and render the off side shoulder joint useless . It will do that through an inch of cartilage and 1/4" of Texas wallow mud .
A similar 230 about 900 fps aught to be equally harmful through the typical leather or denim quilted jacket .
I have no idea what a heavy wool shearling coat or a "P" coat with a couple of M65 liners in it would impede or stop but it's GI issue for winter duty so I would imagine that it would be of some value in that role .
A heavy winter coat is a sweeping definition. There's a world of difference between a nominal -10-+15° wool and shearling ,over poly thermals , heavy tee , and a lined flannel shirt vs a tee , sweat shirt and a down filled coat . That down coat while a great set up for a nasty infection isn't stopping much , 4ftlb on a .175 steel BB goes right through 6" of late season goose breast bone and down . It didn't do a November coyote any good either .
The 60ftlb of a 25acp or 22 mag isn't going tickle .
My examples are based on a dozen hogs , 1 coyote that shouldn't have stalked my decoys , and several dozen wild fowl , honkers , snows , and white fronts from all angles and a dozen or so Mulies .